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In the early 1900s, housemaids at America\u2019s largest private residence, Biltmore House in Asheville, North Carolina, quickly stripped the beds of family members of guests once they left their rooms for breakfast. Linens would be draped over chairs, allowing them to air out, and once the rooms were cleaned, beds would be remade with fresh sheets to allow for mid-day naps, if needed. The process would take place again before turning the bed down for the evening.<\/p>\n
At Biltmore<\/a>, the housekeeping staff\u2019s attention to detail helped promote a peaceful night\u2019s sleep for the home\u2019s owners, George and Edith Vanderbilt, their daughter Cornelia, and their guests. The Victorian Age emphasis on retiring to a clean, freshly made bed and uncluttered bedroom for better sleep is something you can model in your own home.<\/p>\n \u201cA clean bedroom and a welcoming bed (which includes not just clean sheets, but also a well-made mattress and pillows) can have a significant effect on how we approach our nightly sleep, and how well we sleep once we’re in bed,\u201d says Dr. Michael Breus<\/a>, a clinical psychologist and board-certified sleep specialist.<\/p>\n In a recent National Sleep Foundation study, most respondents listed a cool room temperature, fresh air, and a dark, quiet, and clean room as important factors for a good night\u2019s sleep. Seven out of 10 said they make their bed daily (or almost every day) and 6 out of 10 reported changing their sheets at least weekly. Three quarters reported a more comfortable night\u2019s sleep when their sheets had a fresh scent.<\/p>\n Mary Elizabeth Carter, who worked as a housekeeper for an upper class New York household, provided a look at the time\u2019s laundry process in her 1903 book, Millionaire Households and Their Domestic Economy: Hints for Fine Living.<\/p>\n She wrote, \u201cThe twentieth century laundry is supplied with a diversity of smoothing irons \u2013 heavy ones for house linens, medium weight for lingerie and little ones of various and curious shapes for smoothing out sleeves and to reach tiny places in the smallest and most fairy-like of baby clothes. Its ventilation is perfect and the water supply, both hot and cold, is perfect.\u2026A spacious, sunlighted (sic) finely ventilated laundry amply furnished for the work to be accomplished in the best manner for the workers speaks eloquently for the character of the ruling classes.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Carter emphasized that only skilled hands found employment in the laundry rooms at fine homes such as Biltmore. \u201cThey handle countless expensive and delicate articles of wearing apparel and house linen and must send all back looking as beautiful as if it had just arrived from Paris.\u201d<\/p>\n Even if you don\u2019t have a staff to launder your sheets, Biltmore has the right idea when it comes to keeping a tight laundry schedule. The Good Housekeeping Institute<\/a> (GHI) recommends washing sheets weekly. Research conducted by Dreams in 2018 showed that a surprising 70% of people don\u2019t do this \u2013 yikes! Step ahead of the pack, and improve your odds of getting restful sleep, simply by washing your bedding regularly.<\/p>\n More cleaning tips from the GHI<\/strong><\/p>\n Daily work at Biltmore went well beyond airing out blankets or washing the sheets. A team of staff members worked hard to maintain a high standard of cleanliness in the 35 family and guest bedrooms as well as in the public areas of the 250-room home.<\/p>\n Overseeing the household cleaning operation was a Head Housekeeper who kept accounts of all household expenses and managed all household supplies. The person in this role worked closely with Mrs. Vanderbilt to make sure that, when making purchases, they chose linens and blankets of suitable quality and design. One notable head housekeeper was Emily King, who arrived in North Carolina from England. She worked at Biltmore from 1897 to 1914. Other servants referred to her as \u201cThe Matron.\u201d<\/p>\n Perhaps the most exhausting household role was that of the Lady\u2019s Maid, who was on call 24\/7. This position was traditionally held only by a single woman who could attend to Mrs. Vanderbilt\u2019s needs at any hour. Duties included helping the lady of the house dress and undress, preparing her bath, fixing her hair and makeup, caring for her clothing, and keeping her bedroom clean. If guests visited without bringing their own lady\u2019s maid, Mrs. Vanderbilt\u2019s lady\u2019s maid would assist them as well.<\/p>\n Carter\u2019s book says a lady\u2019s maid needed to use \u201cher own chamois, feather duster, and soft silk cloth, attend to every article on the dressing table, leaving no sign of cosmetic or powder. Everything is immaculately cleaned and polished before she retires from the dressing room.\u201d<\/p>\n She also traveled with the family and kept unpredictable hours. In her book Reminiscences<\/em>, Pauline Merrill wrote that, during a formal dinner, which was \u201cfull dress at eight o\u2019clock\u201d at Biltmore House, the lady\u2019s maid was expected to stay awake and be available to help her mistress at a moment\u2019s notice.<\/p>\n Similarly, George Vanderbilt had a valet who tended to his personal needs. He helped Mr. Vanderbilt dress, cared for his clothing and ran his bath. In 1900, the valet was an Englishman named Fred Kenny.<\/p>\n In addition to airing out the sheets and remaking the beds in the evening, the housemaids at Biltmore maintained the room temperature by lighting fires during cold weather. They were also expected to remember each occupant\u2019s preferences, such as whether they wanted their bedding turned down or have a clock left ticking in the room.<\/p>\nBiltmore\u2019s laundry schedule \u2013 a hidden secret to better sleep?<\/h3>\n
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When sheets at Biltmore needed to be cleaned, staff transported them to spacious laundry rooms in the basement of the palatial home. Laundry equipment included a barrel washer that operated with leather belts and pulleys, an extractor that spun excess moisture from the laundry, and an \u201cironing mangle\u201d used to press linens. There was also an innovative system of rolling wooden racks for drying, which circulated heated air to speed drying.<\/p>\n![\"Biltmore](\"https:\/\/restonic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Digital-Biltmore_MKTG_Laundry1-1024x1024.jpg\")
At Biltmore the head laundress cared for the fine materials, such as the linens used in family and guest bedrooms. Under-laundresses worked on linens from the servants\u2019 quarters to ensure workers also rested peacefully on clean sheets. Edith Vanderbilt<\/a>, known as a very kind and generous woman, set a precedent for having her laundresses also care for linens from the estate worker\u2019s homes. During times of sickness, the amount of washing increased to two to three times a week to prevent others from falling ill. This was seen especially during the Spanish influenza outbreak.<\/p>\n\n
The importance of \u201cclean & comfortable\u201d at Biltmore<\/h3>\n
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The lady\u2019s maid and valet: exhausting but important roles<\/h3>\n
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At the end of the evening, the lady\u2019s maid would help Mrs. Vanderbilt undress and prepare for bed in her cheerful yellow bedroom, walls covered with silk. The furniture in her bedroom at Biltmore House features gold and purple cut silk velvet with matching curtains, which may have been closed at night to create a dark, soothing environment for sleeping.<\/p>\nCreate a soothing nighttime routine<\/h2>\n
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